Table 1 Employment and wages of migrants and non-migrants
From: Are migrants in large cities underpaid? Evidence from Vietnam
Variable | Both Hanoi and HCMC | Hanoi | HCMC | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
People with registration book | People without registration book | People without registration book and migrating since 2008 | People with registration book | People without registration book | People without registration book and migrating since 2008 | People with registration book | People without registration book | People without registration book and migrating since 2008 | |
Proportion of workers by occupation (in percent) | |||||||||
Manager and army | 4.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 4.91 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 3.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Technician | 34.52 | 13.32 | 4.70 | 46.02 | 21.14 | 4.18 | 27.59 | 10.66 | 4.98 |
Service, clerk, officer | 18.56 | 13.91 | 11.96 | 14.66 | 15.16 | 13.43 | 20.91 | 13.49 | 11.18 |
Skilled worker | 16.32 | 24.07 | 24.64 | 16.08 | 22.13 | 20.61 | 16.47 | 24.73 | 26.78 |
Machine users | 14.90 | 24.47 | 23.95 | 10.69 | 6.74 | 6.44 | 17.43 | 30.49 | 33.23 |
Unskilled and farmers | 11.68 | 24.19 | 34.68 | 7.64 | 34.67 | 55.17 | 14.11 | 20.62 | 23.84 |
Proportion of workers by industry (in percent) | |||||||||
Agriculture | 1.11 | 0.68 | 1.06 | 0.93 | 0.43 | 0.68 | 1.22 | 0.76 | 1.27 |
Industry | 38.87 | 58.20 | 59.38 | 33.89 | 35.37 | 29.19 | 41.88 | 65.96 | 75.36 |
Services | 60.02 | 41.12 | 39.56 | 65.18 | 64.20 | 70.13 | 56.90 | 33.28 | 23.37 |
Proportion of workers by economic sector (in percent) | |||||||||
State | 35.22 | 5.86 | 2.52 | 51.72 | 9.76 | 3.26 | 25.27 | 4.53 | 2.13 |
Private firms | 32.31 | 40.05 | 37.63 | 24.02 | 29.04 | 17.05 | 37.31 | 43.80 | 48.52 |
Households | 20.65 | 35.74 | 44.57 | 14.41 | 50.42 | 68.60 | 24.42 | 30.75 | 31.85 |
Foreign | 11.82 | 18.34 | 15.28 | 9.85 | 10.78 | 11.08 | 13.00 | 20.92 | 17.50 |
Monthly wage (thousand VND) | 3590.3 | 2480.6 | 2066.1 | 3704.5 | 2590.3 | 2010.1 | 3521.3 | 2443.3 | 2095.8 |
Proportion of workers having labor contract (in percent) | 70.79 | 49.09 | 37.70 | 81.46 | 46.30 | 29.68 | 64.36 | 50.04 | 41.94 |
Proportion of workers having health insurance (in percent) | 70.34 | 41.27 | 26.26 | 78.38 | 32.42 | 19.41 | 65.49 | 44.28 | 29.89 |
Number of observations | 2008 | 1770 | 566 | 1122 | 777 | 294 | 886 | 993 | 272 |