Are migrants in large cities underpaid? Evidence from Vietnam

Nguyen, Cuong Viet; Minh, Thai Pham

doi:10.1186/s40176-016-0068-9

Table 2 Characteristics of migrants and non-migrants

From: Are migrants in large cities underpaid? Evidence from Vietnam

Variable	Both Hanoi and HCMC			Hanoi			HCMC
Variable	People with registration book	People without registration book	People without registration book and migrating since 2008	People with registration book	People without registration book	People without registration book and migrating since 2008	People with registration book	People without registration book	People without registration book and migrating since 2008
Basic demography
Age	34.82	28.32	26.00	35.90	29.63	29.49	34.18	27.87	24.15
% male	54.75	49.07	48.70	55.13	39.28	29.47	54.52	52.40	58.88
% never married	29.44	51.96	64.79	20.65	49.49	51.51	34.75	52.80	71.82
% living in urban areas	74.85	77.49	73.98	64.06	69.27	72.63	81.36	80.29	74.69
Proportion of workers by education degree (in percent)
No degree	4.68	8.98	8.59	0.61	3.95	5.33	7.13	10.70	10.31
Primary	9.72	21.06	25.34	1.96	11.23	16.36	14.40	24.40	30.10
Lower secondary	21.84	33.24	37.19	17.15	30.23	40.76	24.68	34.26	35.31
Upper secondary	29.77	25.09	24.34	36.56	36.20	30.87	25.68	21.31	20.88
Post secondary	33.99	11.63	4.54	43.72	18.39	6.68	28.11	9.33	3.40
Household composition
Household size	4.36	2.13	1.63	4.39	1.76	1.20	4.34	2.25	1.85
Percentage of children under 15 in household	19.35	7.53	2.92	20.90	5.84	2.25	18.42	8.11	3.28
Percentage of people above 60 in household	7.96	1.15	0.10	8.75	1.57	0.28	7.48	1.00	0.00
Proportion of workers who live in (in percent)
Dormitory	2.46	56.76	65.73	0.43	55.01	66.75	3.68	57.36	65.19
House with concrete roof	41.65	18.77	17.58	71.84	31.07	24.15	23.44	14.59	14.10
House with flush toilet	92.06	81.16	72.93	91.38	70.70	53.15	92.47	84.71	83.40
House with tap water	67.71	35.96	31.47	75.43	53.17	36.42	63.05	30.10	28.84
Number of observations	2008	1770	566	1122	777	294	886	993	272

Note: Non-migrants are individuals who have a registration book in Hanoi or HCMC. Migrants are individuals who do not have a registration book in the cities. Short-term migrants are migrants who have lived in the cities since 2008
Source: Estimation from the 2009 UPS

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