Table 11 Outmigration and immigration, including Southern workers

From: Immigration and wages: new evidence from the African American Great Migration

		Overall					By race
		1940		1950			1940		1950
Specification		Black	White	Black	White		Black	White	Black	White
(1)	Prop. Southern	0.109	1.027***	−0.210	0.719	Prop. Southern black	0.205	2.146	−2.917	−1.985
		(0.198)	(0.341)	(0.383)	(0.860)		(2.083)	(2.236)	(4.304)	(3.736)
	Observations	6335	98,378	3286	38,680	Prop. Southern white	0.0777	0.763***	1.051	2.097**
	Clusters	46	79	31	79		(0.519)	(0.269)	(1.566)	(0.880)
						Observations	6335	98,378	3286	38,680
						Clusters	46	79	31	79
(2)	Prop. Southern	−0.0623	0.680***	−0.676	1.807	Prop. Southern black	−0.939	0.418	−0.949	1.258
		(0.317)	(0.226)	(1.444)	(1.247)		(6.423)	(1.518)	(3.239)	(4.524)
	Observations	6335	95,987	3286	36,217	Prop. Southern white	0.160	0.750**	−0.461	2.088**
	Clusters	46	74	31	61		(1.341)	(0.355)	(1.088)	(0.919)
						Observations	6335	95,987	3286	36,217
						Clusters	46	74	31	61

Notes: Instrumental variables estimates. All specifications include indicators for age and education; specification (2) includes white and black metro-level percent employed in manufacturing, percent farming, and average years of education. Regressions weighted by the number of observations used to calculate metro-level covariates. Standard errors, clustered by metro area, reported in parentheses
“***”, “**”, and “*” denote significance at the 1, 5, and 10 % levels, respectively

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