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Table 4 Annual wages and race-specific immigration

From: Immigration and wages: new evidence from the African American Great Migration

  

OLS

IV

  

1940

1950

1940

1950

Specification

 

Black

White

Black

White

Black

White

Black

White

(1)

Prop. Southern black

−0.486

1.943***

−0.702

1.750***

−1.504*

0.708

−2.917**

0.946*

  

(0.769)

(0.493)

(1.161)

(0.279)

(0.837)

(0.883)

(1.245)

(0.519)

 

Prop. Southern white

0.483

−0.579**

−0.638

−0.265*

0.730

−0.739**

−0.00155

−0.285*

  

(0.416)

(0.242)

(0.401)

(0.136)

(0.585)

(0.301)

(0.606)

(0.171)

 

Observations

2107

107,149

1043

41,154

2081

104,029

1029

39,219

 

Clusters

27

93

23

100

26

80

22

80

(2)

Prop. Southern black

−1.905

2.151***

−1.920

1.764***

−4.806***

1.734***

−2.265*

0.914*

  

(1.256)

(0.374)

(1.482)

(0.353)

(1.583)

(0.384)

(1.351)

(0.483)

 

Prop. Southern white

0.385

−0.530**

−0.535

−0.229

1.049*

−0.557***

−0.646

−0.167

  

(0.472)

(0.206)

(0.576)

(0.189)

(0.580)

(0.208)

(0.439)

(0.268)

 

Observations

2107

104,209

1043

37,433

2081

101,339

1029

36,413

 

Clusters

27

87

23

72

26

75

22

62

(3)

Prop. Southern black

  

−1.086

1.330***

  

−2.659***

0.787**

    

(0.981)

(0.259)

  

(0.556)

(0.325)

 

Prop. Southern white

  

−1.241***

−0.262***

  

−1.311**

−0.272*

    

(0.381)

(0.0920)

  

(0.529)

(0.141)

 

Observations

  

1043

39,316

  

1029

38,078

 

Clusters

  

23

87

  

22

75

(4)

Prop. Southern black

  

−5.203***

0.845**

  

−5.437***

0.101

    

(1.163)

(0.393)

  

(1.497)

(0.422)

 

Prop. Southern white

  

−0.0541

−0.0360

  

−0.127

0.106

    

(0.516)

(0.161)

  

(0.487)

(0.220)

 

Observations

  

1043

36,473

  

1029

35,644

 

Clusters

  

23

67

  

22

59

  1. Notes: All specifications include indicators for age and education; specification (2) includes white and black metro-level percent employed in manufacturing, percent farming, and average years of education; specification (3) includes the metro level average dependent variable, lagged one decade; specification (4) includes metro-level average variables and a lagged mean dependent variable. Regressions weighted by the number of observations used to calculate metro-level covariates. Standard errors, clustered by metro area, reported in parentheses
  2. “***”, “**”, and “*” denote significance at the 1, 5, and 10 % levels, respectively