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Table 5 Native outmigration and recent immigration

From: Immigration and wages: new evidence from the African American Great Migration

  

OLS

IV

  

1940

1950

1940

1950

  

Black

White

Black

White

Black

White

Black

White

Overall

         

Specification

         

(1)

Prop. Southern

−0.428

0.343***

−0.784

0.423

−0.0468

1.101***

−0.219

0.513

  

(0.351)

(0.102)

(1.149)

(0.315)

(0.267)

(0.346)

(0.277)

(0.757)

 

Observations

2018

97,043

954

38,073

1996

94,370

940

36,456

 

Clusters

27

92

21

97

26

79

20

79

(2)

Prop. Southern

−0.580***

−0.0283

0.411

−0.304

0.223

0.725***

0.295

1.356

  

(0.187)

(0.0223)

(1.091)

(0.313)

(0.609)

(0.215)

(2.028)

(0.876)

 

Observations

2018

94,512

954

34,942

1996

92,054

940

34,055

 

Clusters

27

86

21

70

26

74

20

61

By race

         

Specification

         

(1)

Prop. Southern black

0.250

−1.165

−2.655**

−0.679

1.506

2.440

1.854

−2.992

  

(1.119)

(0.956)

(1.248)

(0.958)

(3.607)

(2.420)

(5.019)

(3.348)

 

Prop. Southern white

−0.472

0.728***

0.826

1.051***

−0.593

0.794***

−1.167

2.340***

  

(0.404)

(0.206)

(0.592)

(0.369)

(1.011)

(0.295)

(1.993)

(0.853)

 

Observations

2018

97,043

954

38,073

1996

94,370

940

36,456

 

Clusters

27

92

21

97

26

79

20

79

(2)

Prop. Southern black

0.349

−0.589

−2.735

−0.290

7.386

0.558

2.627

−0.157

  

(2.669)

(0.586)

(2.155)

(1.290)

(6.773)

(1.532)

(4.570)

(3.247)

 

Prop. Southern white

−0.603*

0.492***

−0.319

0.527

−1.697

0.769**

−1.193

2.125***

  

(0.307)

(0.152)

(1.287)

(0.438)

(1.128)

(0.361)

(1.562)

(0.723)

 

Observations

2018

94,512

954

34,942

1996

92,054

940

34,055

 

Clusters

27

86

21

70

26

74

20

61

  1. Notes: All specifications include indicators for age and education; specification (2) includes white and black metro-level percent employed in manufacturing, percent farming, and average years of education. Regressions weighted by the number of observations used to calculate metro-level covariates. Standard errors, clustered by metro area, reported in parentheses
  2. “***”, “**”, and “*” denote significance at the 1, 5, and 10 % levels, respectively