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Table 8 Annual wages and immigration, same metro areas

From: Immigration and wages: new evidence from the African American Great Migration

  

Overall

 

By race

  

1940

1950

 

1940

1950

Specification

 

Black

White

Black

White

 

Black

White

Black

White

(1)

Prop. Southern

−0.110

−0.422

−1.116***

0.239

Prop. Southern black

−1.504*

−0.132

−2.917**

0.687

  

(0.394)

(0.424)

(0.324)

(0.302)

 

(0.837)

(1.040)

(1.245)

(0.608)

 

Observations

2081

73,638

1029

26,562

Prop. Southern white

0.730

−0.598*

−0.00155

−0.295

 

Clusters

26

26

22

22

 

(0.585)

(0.354)

(0.606)

(0.195)

      

Observations

2081

73,638

1029

26,562

      

Clusters

26

26

22

22

(2)

Prop. Southern

−0.774***

0.252

−1.369***

0.164

Prop. Southern black

−4.806***

0.923

−2.265*

0.522

  

(0.280)

(0.240)

(0.507)

(0.385)

 

(1.583)

(0.582)

(1.351)

(0.616)

 

Observations

2081

73,638

1029

26,562

Prop. Southern white

1.049*

−0.0756

−0.646

−0.0986

 

Clusters

26

26

22

22

 

(0.580)

(0.187)

(0.439)

(0.265)

      

Observations

2081

73,638

1029

26,562

      

Clusters

26

26

22

22

(3)

Prop. Southern

  

−1.827***

0.316

Prop. Southern black

  

−2.659***

0.963***

    

(0.273)

(0.318)

   

(0.556)

(0.324)

 

Observations

  

1029

26,562

Prop. Southern white

  

−1.311**

−0.357***

 

Clusters

  

22

22

   

(0.529)

(0.131)

      

Observations

  

1029

26,562

      

Clusters

  

22

22

(4)

Prop. Southern

  

−2.269***

−0.0549

Prop. Southern black

  

−5.437***

−0.398

    

(0.546)

(0.241)

   

(1.497)

(0.678)

 

Observations

  

1029

26,562

Prop. Southern white

  

−0.127

0.171

 

Clusters

  

22

22

   

(0.487)

(0.184)

      

Observations

  

1029

26,562

      

Clusters

  

22

22

  1. Notes: Instrumental variables estimates. All specifications include indicators for age and education; specification (2) includes white and black metro-level percent employed in manufacturing, percent farming, and average years of education; specification (3) includes the metro level average dependent variable, lagged one decade; specification (4) includes metro-level average variables and a lagged mean dependent variable. Regressions weighted by the number of observations used to calculate metro-level covariates. Standard errors, clustered by metro area, reported in parentheses
  2. “***”, “**”, and “*” denote significance at the 1, 5, and 10 % levels, respectively