Is the lower return to immigrants’ foreign schooling a postarrival problem in Canada?

Table 2 Distribution of workers by NHRIC and NVRIC—2006 (weighted)

	NVRIC						NHRI	UE	OE
NHRIC	1	2	3	4	5	Total	%
Native-born
1	776,960	169,795	361,875	184,670	141,115	1,634,415	26	33	19
2	91,065	39,530	84,235	32,855	22,060	269,745	4	49	17
3	130,100	78,600	69,230	54,780	22,830	355,540	6	29	34
4	210,410	115,510	132,590	89,505	45,610	593,625	9	27	38
5	1,048,300	598,625	726,695	615,310	482,995	3,471,925	55	28	41
Total	2,256,835	1,002,060	1,374,625	977,120	714,610	6,325,250		30	34
NVRI %	36	16	22	15	11
Immigrants, Canadian-educated
1	114,960	27,145	50,455	32,860	26,165	251,585	22	30	25
2	18,450	8890	12,765	6415	3940	50,460	4	41	23
3	21,730	13,455	12,260	9585	5960	62,990	6	25	40
4	39,100	21,275	22,565	17,990	10,025	110,955	10	23	42
5	184,685	113,930	136,130	123,705	103,920	662,370	58	25	47
Total	378,925	184,695	234,175	190,555	150,010	1,138,360		27	40
NVRI %	33	16	21	17	13
Immigrants, foreign-educated
1	36,185	9260	20,170	11,420	11,560	88,595	11	26	33
2	6795	3755	4450	2220	1500	18,720	2	30	33
3	6795	4650	5550	4875	4415	26,285	3	16	58
4	14,715	9410	13,510	12,695	8825	59,155	8	14	61
5	98,540	68,360	101,715	135,355	187,505	591,475	76	0.2	83
Total	163,030	95,435	145,395	166,565	213,805	784,230		10	70
NVRI %	21	12	19	21	27

Notes: “Immigrant, Canadian-educated” also includes immigrants whose location of study is the USA or the UK. The distributions of overeducated (OE) and undereducated (UE) workers for each NHRI class are given in the last two columns of the table. The overeducated–undereducated are identified by the NVRI method as shown and explained in Table 1. Numbers are rounded to the nearest 0 or 5