Age at immigration matters for labor market integration—the Swedish example

Table 5 Descriptive statistics by immigration cohort

	1990			1994			1998			2002
Variable	GDP group 1 (%)	GDP group 2 (%)	GDP group 3 (%)	GDP group 1 (%)	GDP group 2 (%)	GDP group 3 (%)	GDP group 1 (%)	GDP group 2 (%)	GDP group 3 (%)	GDP group 1 (%)	GDP group 2 (%)	GDP group 3 (%)
Age 19–29	58	45	50	48	33	54	42	43	46	42	46	44
Age 30–34	14	18	19	18	20	20	19	19	20	16	17	20
Age 35–39	10	14	12	12	17	12	13	13	14	12	13	14
Age 40–44	8	8	7	7	12	6	9	10	9	8	9	10
Age 45–49	5	5	3	6	7	3	7	6	5	7	7	6
Age 50–54	2	3	3	4	4	2	5	4	3	6	5	3
Age 55–59	2	3	3	3	5	2	3	3	2	5	2	2
Age 60–64	1	5	3	1	3	1	2	2	1	4	2	1
Woman	40	56	45	43	52	55	43	52	52	41	55	50
No child	81	57	64	76	37	62	77	62	65	81	64	66
Woman and 1–2 children	10	22	14	10	25	17	10	19	15	8	18	15
Woman and 3 or more children	2	5	6	2	8	6	2	3	6	2	3	6
Man and 1–2 children	6	12	10	9	21	10	9	14	10	8	12	10
Man and 3 or more children	1	4	5	2	8	4	2	3	5	2	3	3
Partner	13	35	27	19	46	32	18	33	34	16	32	28
Swedish partner	4	6	3	9	3	6	7	7	5	6	8	5
No information on education	22	9	9	27	7	13	46	15	16	30	11	12
Less than compulsory	7	15	19	4	16	15	4	10	15	3	9	17
Compulsory school	15	12	16	6	4	8	6	7	10	6	6	8
Secondary 2 years	19	20	18	9	22	15	9	21	17	9	16	13
Secondary 3 years	14	16	13	10	22	16	6	14	12	8	14	12
Upper secondary less than 3 years	8	10	10	12	11	12	8	11	12	12	13	13
Upper secondary 3 years or more	14	18	15	32	17	21	21	22	18	31	32	24
Larger Stockholm	33	30	22	36	13	35	38	30	36	27	31	32
Larger Göteborg	11	10	9	9	7	11	11	11	14	9	10	12
Larger Malmö	6	11	6	10	8	7	7	11	9	13	12	10
Other Sweden	27	33	32	25	43	28	30	39	33	34	38	34
Forest counties	14	8	22	12	15	13	14	9	9	16	9	12

All variables are measured in the year of immigration except level of education. Level of education is measured in 2010. If there is no information on education in 2010, educational level is measured in the year of immigration