Table 2 Random-effect Tobit regression
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
coef/se | coef/se | coef/se | coef/se | |
Individual characteristics | ||||
Female (1 yes, 0 no) | 0.113 | 0.089 | 0.117 | 0.056 |
(0.357) | (0.356) | (0.357) | (0.356) | |
Number of years in school | 0.599*** | 0.588*** | 0.603*** | 0.578*** |
(0.045) | (0.045) | (0.045) | (0.045) | |
Marital status (1 single, 0 others) | 6.584*** | 6.592*** | 6.487*** | 6.549*** |
(0.463) | (0.461) | (0.464) | (0.460) | |
Age (years) | 1.746*** | 1.693*** | 1.752*** | 1.610*** |
(0.094) | (0.094) | (0.094) | (0.094) | |
Square of age | −0.028*** | −0.027*** | −0.028*** | −0.026*** |
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | |
Household characteristics | ||||
Female head (1 yes, 0 no) | −0.920* | −0.866* | −0.934* | −0.895* |
(0.514) | (0.513) | (0.514) | (0.511) | |
Number of years in school of HH head (years) | 0.113** | 0.109** | 0.110** | 0.094* |
(0.051) | (0.050) | (0.051) | (0.050) | |
Age of HH head (years) | 0.277*** | 0.264*** | 0.276*** | 0.243*** |
(0.018) | (0.018) | (0.018) | (0.018) | |
Dependency ratio | −8.158*** | −8.485*** | −8.674*** | −9.484*** |
(0.909) | (0.908) | (0.935) | (0.915) | |
HH engaged in non-farm activities (1 yes, 0 no) | 0.666* | 0.538 | 0.684** | 0.380 |
(0.340) | (0.339) | (0.340) | (0.339) | |
Total own land (ha) | −0.084 | −0.079 | −0.087 | −0.109 |
(0.082) | (0.081) | (0.083) | (0.084) | |
Total number of demographic shocks | 0.396** | 0.194 | 0.513** | 0.204 |
(0.198) | (0.199) | (0.203) | (0.197) | |
Total number of social shocks | 1.179** | 0.675 | 1.277** | 0.049 |
(0.527) | (0.529) | (0.529) | (0.531) | |
Total number of agricultural shocks | −0.489*** | −0.673*** | −0.351** | −0.709*** |
(0.150) | (0.152) | (0.160) | (0.150) | |
Total number of economics shocks | 0.346 | 0.140 | 0.440 | 0.172 |
(0.438) | (0.437) | (0.439) | (0.434) | |
Village characteristics | ||||
Number of enterprises | −0.102 | −0.092 | −0.101 | −0.078 |
(0.091) | (0.091) | (0.091) | (0.091) | |
Access to the Internet (% of households) | 0.074*** | 0.061*** | 0.079*** | 0.023 |
(0.023) | (0.023) | (0.023) | (0.024) | |
Log of distance to district town | −0.168 | −0.080 | −0.175 | −0.057 |
(0.210) | (0.209) | (0.210) | (0.209) | |
Ha Tinh province (1 yes, 0 no) | 3.052*** | 14.439*** | 3.081*** | 3.092*** |
(0.466) | (1.554) | (0.466) | (0.465) | |
Thua Thien Hue province (1 yes, 0 no) | 3.511*** | 3.077*** | 3.563*** | 3.576*** |
(0.454) | (0.455) | (0.454) | (0.452) | |
Macro indicators | ||||
Income gap between destination and original provinces | −17.402*** | |||
(2.266) | ||||
Share of agricultural production in total GDP | 0.422** | |||
(0.173) | ||||
Growth of GDP per capita | 25.645*** | |||
(2.126) | ||||
Constant | −59.197*** | −17.372*** | −67.365*** | −227.072*** |
(1.983) | (5.694) | (3.924) | (14.219) | |
Number of observations | 21,045 | 21,045 | 21,045 | 21,045 |