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Table 2 Means of variables, by immigration status, women with a university degree aged 25 to 34 in the base year, 1991 and 2006 cohorts

From: International students, immigration and earnings growth: the effect of a pre-immigration host-country university education

 

1991 cohort

2006 cohort

 

Canadian-born women

Canadian-educated immigrants

Foreign-educated immigrants

Canadian-born women

Canadian-educated immigrants

Foreign-educated immigrants

 

Mean

First-year earnings (2013 constant dollars)

44,506

26,086

19,130

47,677

30,677

20,855

Log first-year earnings

10.45

9.78

9.50

10.52

9.97

9.58

Years since the base

10.45

9.81

10.55

3.50

3.41

3.54

Age in the base year

29.49

28.57

29.15

29.36

28.03

29.37

Graduate degrees

0.24

0.34

0.17

0.26

0.40

0.30

Months of study in a year

0.10

0.23

0.14

0.51

1.39

0.62

French

0.30

0.05

0.04

0.28

0.03

0.04

Other languages

0.00

0.04

0.24

0.00

0.01

0.11

Visible minorities

0.04

0.85

0.71

0.09

0.80

0.75

Atlantic region

0.08

0.02

0.01

0.08

0.02

0.01

Quebec

0.26

0.16

0.13

0.26

0.24

0.21

Manitoba and Saskatchewan

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.05

Alberta

0.10

0.07

0.07

0.10

0.11

0.13

British Columbia

0.09

0.19

0.18

0.11

0.18

0.15

Skilled worker class

…

0.43

0.15

…

0.58

0.35

Other economic class

…

0.16

0.20

…

0.10

0.33

Family class

…

0.33

0.48

…

0.28

0.31

Refugees

…

0.08

0.18

…

0.04

0.02

Regional unemployment rate (percentage)

7.25

6.94

6.66

6.07

5.99

5.95

No prior earnings in Canada

0.01

0.14

…

0.00

0.16

…

Low prior earnings

0.09

0.43

…

0.11

0.42

…

Medium prior earnings

0.41

0.35

…

0.41

0.33

…

High prior earnings

0.48

0.08

…

0.47

0.09

…

Years of prior Canadian work experience

6.97

2.59

…

7.48

3.09

…

Years of Canadian study

…

3.55

…

…

3.92

…

Sample size (unique persons)

4716

1661

3353

11,564

5912

9629

Person-years

80,635

20,005

44,300

64,446

27,304

42,614

  1. Sources: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census and Longitudinal Worker File linkage; 2006 Census and T1 personal tax file linkage; Temporary Residents File, Immigrant Landing File and T1 personal tax file linkage; and Longitudinal Immigration Database
  2. … not applicable