International students, immigration and earnings growth: the effect of a pre-immigration host-country university education

Hou, Feng; Lu, Yuqian

doi:10.1186/s40176-017-0091-5

Table 4 Regression models comparing earnings between Canadian-educated immigrant women and Canadian-born women with a university degree, 1991 and 2006 cohorts

From: International students, immigration and earnings growth: the effect of a pre-immigration host-country university education

	1991 cohort			2006 cohort
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	Coefficient
Canadian-educated immigrants	−0.617 ***	−0.624 ***	−0.343 ***	−0.540 ***	−0.374 ***	−0.021
Years since the base year	0.040 ***	0.038 ***	0.037 ***	0.060 ***	0.046 ***	0.052 ***
Squared years since base year	0.000 ***	0.000 **	0.000 *	−0.002	−0.001	−0.001
Canadian-educated immigrants interacted with years since base year	0.071 ***	0.067 ***	0.070***	0.061 **	0.032 *	0.047 ***
Canadian-educated immigrants interacted with squared years since base year	−0.003 ***	−0.003 ***	−0.003 ***	−0.005	−0.004	−0.005 *
Age in the base year	…	−0.054	−0.270 ***	…	−0.164 **	−0.290 ***
Age squared	…	0.001	0.004 ***	…	0.003 **	0.005 ***
Graduate degrees	…	0.276 ***	0.235 ***	…	0.201 ***	0.170 ***
Months of study in a year	…	−0.109 ***	−0.091 ***	…	−0.087 ***	−0.074 ***
French	…	0.082 **	0.093 ***	…	0.103 ***	0.071 **
Other languages	…	−0.178	−0.107	…	−0.163	0.005
Visible minorities	…	0.046	0.144 ***	…	−0.020	0.020
Atlantic region	…	−0.148 ***	−0.086 *	…	−0.060 *	0.015
Quebec	…	−0.151 ***	−0.065 *	…	−0.253 ***	−0.125 ***
Manitoba and Saskatchewan	…	−0.211 ***	−0.168 ***	…	−0.057 *	−0.024
Alberta	…	−0.067 *	−0.088 **	…	0.066 *	0.047
British Columbia	…	−0.167 ***	−0.106 ***	…	−0.127 ***	−0.071 **
Regional unemployment rate	…	−0.003	−0.007	…	−0.007	−0.009 *
Low prior earnings	…	…	0.078	…	…	0.252 ***
Medium prior earnings	…	…	0.355 ***	…	…	0.573 ***
High prior earnings	…	…	0.822 ***	…	…	1.078 ***
Years of prior Canadian work experience	…	…	0.015 *	…	…	0.017 **
Intercept	10.448 ***	11.086 ***	13.935 ***	10.522 ***	12.881 ***	14.172 ***

Note: the model R-squared is 0.077, 0.115, and 0.201 in models 1, 2 and 3, respectively, for the 1991 cohort, it is 0.066, 0.146, and 0.250 in models 1, 2 and 3, respectively, for the 2006 cohort. Sources: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census and Longitudinal Worker File linkage; 2006 Census and T1 personal tax file linkage; Temporary Residents File, Immigrant Landing File and T1 personal tax file linkage; and Longitudinal Immigration Database
… not applicable
*Significantly different from reference category (p < 0.05), **p <0.01, ***p < 0.001

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