International students, immigration and earnings growth: the effect of a pre-immigration host-country university education

Hou, Feng; Lu, Yuqian

doi:10.1186/s40176-017-0091-5

Table 5 Regression models comparing earnings between Canadian-educated immigrant men and foreign-educated immigrant men with a university degree, 1991 and 2006 cohorts

From: International students, immigration and earnings growth: the effect of a pre-immigration host-country university education

	1991 cohort			2006 cohort
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	Coefficient
Canadian-educated immigrants	0.210 ***	0.171 ***	−0.259 ***	0.072 ***	0.259 ***	−0.140 ***
Years since the base year	0.133 ***	0.115 ***	0.115 ***	0.124 ***	0.177 ***	0.182 ***
Squared years since base year	−0.005 ***	−0.004 ***	−0.004 ***	−0.006 ***	−0.016 ***	−0.016 ***
Canadian-educated immigrants interacted with years since base year	0.012 *	0.000	0.003	0.081 ***	−0.022 *	−0.009
Canadian-educated immigrants interacted with squared years since base year	0.000	0.000	0.000	−0.008 ***	0.003	0.002
Age in the base year	…	0.082	0.072	…	0.062	0.060
Age squared	…	−0.002	−0.001	…	−0.001	−0.001
Graduate degrees	…	0.249 ***	0.206 ***	…	0.095 ***	0.086 ***
Months of study in a year	…	−0.149 ***	−0.141 ***	…	−0.092 ***	−0.086 ***
French	…	−0.213 **	−0.208 ***	…	−0.081 **	−0.086 **
Other languages	…	−0.246 ***	−0.251 ***	…	−0.215 ***	−0.222 ***
Atlantic region	…	0.127	0.143 *	…	0.145 ***	0.121 ***
Quebec	…	−0.187 ***	−0.166 ***	…	−0.225 ***	−0.176 ***
Manitoba and Saskatchewan	…	−0.114 **	−0.106 **	…	−0.035	−0.039
Alberta	…	−0.030	−0.040	…	0.234 ***	0.217 ***
British Columbia	…	−0.203 ***	−0.193 ***	…	−0.044 *	−0.047 **
Regional unemployment rate	…	−0.027 ***	−0.027 ***	…	−0.032 ***	−0.035 ***
Other economic class	…	−0.111 **	−0.072	…	−0.159 ***	−0.134 ***
Family class	…	−0.205 ***	−0.153 ***	…	−0.251 ***	−0.195 ***
Refugees	…	−0.124 ***	−0.109 **	…	−0.476 ***	−0.427 ***
Low prior earnings	…	…	0.098	…	…	0.205 ***
Medium prior earnings	…	…	0.276 ***	…	…	0.510 ***
High prior earnings	…	…	0.656 ***	…	…	0.925 ***
Years of prior Canadian work experience	…	…	0.028 **	…	…	0.012 *
Years of Canadian study	…	…	0.018 **	…	…	−0.012 *
Intercept	9.788 ***	9.269 ***	9.425 ***	10.075 ***	8.517 ***	9.759 ***
Source-country fixed effect	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes

Note: the model R-squared is 0.132, 0.239 and 0.254 in models 1, 2 and 3, respectively, for the 1991 cohort; it is 0.054, 0.217 and 0.236 in models 1, 2 and 3, respectively, for the 2006 cohort. Sources: Statistics Canada, 1991 Census and Longitudinal Worker File linkage; 2006 Census and T1 personal tax file linkage; Temporary Residents File, Immigrant Landing File and T1 personal tax file linkage; and Longitudinal Immigration Database
… not applicable
*Significantly different from reference category (p < 0.05), **p <0.01, ***p < 0.001

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