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Table 10 Determinants of migration: unemployment and formality (IV estimates)

From: Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt

 

(1)

(2)

Network

0.857∗∗∗

0.894∗∗∗

 

(0.281)

(0.250)

Wealth

0.013∗∗∗

0.013∗∗∗

 

(0.003)

(0.003)

Unemployment (share)

−0.093∗∗

−0.092∗∗

 

(0.046)

(0.046)

Unemp. × network

2.625∗∗

2.581∗∗

 

(1.204)

(1.202)

Formal employment

−0.033∗

0.005

 

(0.019)

(0.034)

Formal × network

 

−1.083

  

(0.921)

Household size

0.005∗∗∗

0.005∗∗∗

 

(0.001)

(0.001)

Share of working-age men

0.125∗∗∗

0.126∗∗∗

 

(0.018)

(0.018)

Years of schooling, HH. head

0.001

0.001

 

(0.001)

(0.001)

Observations

10219

10219

  1. Marginal effects at mean of regressors. Standard errors in parentheses. Survey weighted probit/IV-probit model, standard errors clustered at district level. Two-wave panel sample of households. Regressors are observed in t=1998, 2006. Dependent variable is 1 if a member of the household emigrated after t. The mean value of the dependent variable is 0.045. Model includes governorate fixed-effects and the controls: urban, year, dependency, share of working-age men, Male hh. head. IV: network variable is instrumented using old migration rates (based on pre-1998 departures when t=2006, pre-1990 when t=1998) in level and interaction terms
  2. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
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