Skip to main content

Table 13 Individual determinants of emigration: Labor market factors

From: Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

 

All

Urban

Rural

Employed individuals

Network

0.209

0.178

0.224

0.175

0.169

0.230

 

(0.041)

(0.052)

(0.059)

(0.041)

(0.039)

(0.045)

Household wealth

0.008

0.015

−0.003

0.004

0.004

0.002

 

(0.004)

(0.005)

(0.008)

(0.004)

(0.003)

(0.004)

Wealth2

0.005

0.000

−0.001

0.004

0.004

0.004

 

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.006)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Network × wealth

−0.067

−0.057

0.008

−0.012

−0.014

0.028

 

(0.044)

(0.054)

(0.070)

(0.043)

(0.042)

(0.049)

Network × wealth2

−0.088

−0.094

−0.047

−0.060

−0.058

−0.052

 

(0.031)

(0.042)

(0.053)

(0.029)

(0.028)

(0.030)

Employed

0.041

0.032

0.044

   
 

(0.005)

(0.005)

(0.007)

   

Unemployed

0.257

0.182

0.326

   
 

(0.038)

(0.046)

(0.056)

   

Primary educ.

−0.006

0.008

−0.017

−0.004

−0.009

−0.003

 

(0.005)

(0.008)

(0.006)

(0.005)

(0.005)

(0.005)

Secondary educ.

0.014

0.009

0.016

0.013

0.015

0.013

 

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.010)

(0.006)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Tertiary educ.

0.015

0.018

0.006

0.015

0.007

0.015

 

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.010)

(0.008)

(0.009)

(0.008)

Formal employment

   

−0.011

 

0.003

    

(0.005)

 

(0.007)

Formal × no educ.

    

−0.019

 
     

(0.008)

 

Formal × primary educ.

    

0.017

 
     

(0.024)

 

Formal × secondary educ.

    

−0.017

 
     

(0.005)

 

Formal × tertiary educ.

    

−0.001

 
     

(0.010)

 

Formal × network

     

−0.258

      

(0.079)

Observations

8136

3738

4365

6140

6140

6140

  1. Marginal effects at mean values of regressors. Linearized standard errors in parentheses. Survey weighted probit model, standard errors are estimated using Taylor linearization. Dependent variable: 1 if individual emigrated between 2006 and 2012. Regressors are observed in 2006. Model includes age controls (indicators for 4 age brackets), household size, urban dummy. Employed and unemployed are binary variables, the omitted reference category is inactive (students and other non-participating individuals). Education has four categories, the reference group is individuals with no education
  2. *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1