Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt

David, Anda; Jarreau, Joachim

doi:10.1186/s40176-017-0092-4

Table 3 Household determinants of the probability to send a migrant

From: Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
	OLS	IV	OLS	IV	OLS	IV	IV	IV	IV, hh. f.e.
							urban	rural
Network	0.295^∗∗∗	1.249^∗∗∗	0.300^∗∗∗	1.231^∗∗∗	0.301^∗∗∗	1.190^∗∗∗	0.731^∗	1.453^∗∗∗	1.180^∗∗
	(0.104)	(0.324)	(0.105)	(0.321)	(0.108)	(0.329)	(0.396)	(0.484)	(0.597)
Wealth	0.016^∗∗∗	0.014^∗∗∗	0.015^∗∗∗	0.013^∗∗∗	0.015^∗∗∗	0.018^∗∗∗	0.027^∗∗∗	0.011	−0.000
	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.003)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.010)	(0.010)
Network × wealth					0.001	−0.165	−0.569^∗∗	−0.014	−0.085
					(0.062)	(0.130)	(0.247)	(0.166)	(0.239)
Household size	0.005^∗∗∗	0.005^∗∗∗	0.005^∗∗∗	0.005^∗∗∗	0.005^∗∗∗	0.005^∗∗∗	0.005^∗∗∗	0.005^∗∗∗	0.001
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.002)
Share of working			0.105^∗∗∗	0.110^∗∗∗	0.105^∗∗∗	0.111^∗∗∗	0.069^∗∗∗	0.166^∗∗∗	0.110^∗∗∗
age men			(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.015)	(0.031)	(0.024)
Dependency rate			0.020^∗	0.031^∗∗	0.020^∗	0.032^∗∗	0.034^∗∗	0.037^∗	0.031
			(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.014)	(0.021)	(0.025)
Yrs of schooling,	−0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	−0.001
HH. head	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)
Male hh. head	−0.009	−0.008	−0.021^∗∗∗	−0.020^∗∗∗	−0.021^∗∗∗	−0.021^∗∗∗	−0.026^∗∗∗	−0.016	0.008
	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.015)
Formal	−0.025^∗∗	-0.017	−0.038^∗∗	−0.025^∗	−0.038^∗∗	−0.025^∗	0.008	−0.075^∗∗∗	0.017
employment	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.017)	(0.028)	(0.031)
Urban household	−0.021^∗∗∗	−0.008	−0.022^∗∗∗	-0.009	−0.022^∗∗∗	−0.010			−0.075
	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.008)			(0.047)
Year=2006	0.005	−0.039^∗∗	0.003	−0.038^∗∗	0.003	−0.038^∗∗	−0.009	−0.064^∗∗	−0.033
	(0.006)	(0.016)	(0.007)	(0.015)	(0.007)	(0.015)	(0.011)	(0.032)	(0.021)
First-stage F-stat
Network		27.5		27.5		23.9	14.0	17.4	129.7
Network × wealth						43.9	23.5	36.9	62.1
Observations	10,271	10,271	10,271	10,271	5927	4344	10,271	10,271	10,271
Number of hholds									7286

Standard errors in parentheses. Survey-weighted estimations, standard errors clustered at district level. Two-wave panel sample of households. Regressors are observed in t=1998, 2006. Dependent variable is 1 if a member of the household emigrated after t. The mean value of the dependent variable is 0.045, 0.063 for rural households, and 0.032 for urban ones. Model includes governorate fixed-effects in col. 1–8. Col. 9: household fixed-effects model. IV: network variable is instrumented using old migration rates (based on pre-1998 departures when t=2006, pre-1990 when t=1998) in level and interaction terms. First-stage F-stat: Sanderson-Windmeijer multivariate F-stat of excluded instruments
*** p<0.01; ** p<0.05; * p<0.1

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