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Table 5 Household determinants: with wealth polynomial

From: Migrating out of a crowded labor market: evidence from Egypt

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

 

OLS

IV

IV

IV

IV, household panel

   

Urban

Rural

Fixed effects

Network

0.419

1.599

1.329

1.750

1.265

 

(0.130)

(0.378)

(0.509)

(0.528)

(0.620)

Wealth

0.016

0.017

0.013

0.013

−0.000

 

(0.003)

(0.006)

(0.005)

(0.011)

(0.010)

Wealth2

0.004

0.016

0.024

0.012

0.006

 

(0.003)

(0.006)

(0.012)

(0.008)

(0.009)

Network × wealth

−0.127

−0.377

−0.162

−0.329

−0.129

 

(0.065)

(0.156)

(0.218)

(0.198)

(0.247)

Network × wealth2

−0.183

−0.563

−0.830

−0.498

−0.097

 

(0.046)

(0.148)

(0.381)

(0.156)

(0.227)

Household size

0.005

0.005

0.004

0.005

0.001

 

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Share of working-age men

0.105

0.111

0.071

0.162

0.110

 

(0.015)

(0.016)

(0.015)

(0.031)

(0.024)

Dependency rate

0.022

0.036

0.040

0.038

0.032

 

(0.012)

(0.014)

(0.015)

(0.022)

(0.025)

Years of schooling, HH. head

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.001

−0.001

 

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.002)

Male hh. head

−0.021

−0.019

−0.024

−0.016

0.009

 

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.009)

(0.011)

(0.015)

Formal employment

−0.036

−0.019

0.011

−0.063

0.017

 

(0.015)

(0.015)

(0.017)

(0.028)

(0.031)

Urban household

−0.022

−0.008

  

-0.076

 

(0.006)

(0.009)

  

(0.047)

Year = 2006

0.004

−0.035

−0.010

−0.062

−0.034

 

(0.007)

(0.015)

(0.012)

(0.032)

(0.021)

First-stage F-stat: network

 

26.8

14.1

22.3

25.0

Network × wealth

 

32.5

23.5

38.4

165.5

Network × wealth2

 

17.9

8.9

26.5

85.1

Observations

10,271

10,271

5927

4344

10,271

Number of hholds

    

7286

  1. Standard errors in parentheses. Survey-weighted estimations, standard errors clustered at district level. Two-wave panel sample of households. Regressors are observed in t=1998, 2006. Dependent variable is 1 if a member of the household emigrated after t. The mean value of the dependent variable is 0.045, 0.063 for rural households, and 0.032 for urban ones
  2. Model includes governorate fixed-effects except in column 5. IV: network variable is instrumented using old migration rates (based on pre-1998 departures when t=2006, pre-1990 when t=1998) in level and interaction terms. First-stage F-stat: Sanderson-Windmeijer multivariate F-stat of excluded instruments in columns 2–4
  3. *** p<0.01; ** p<0.05; * p<0.1