Illegal immigration and media exposure: evidence on individual attitudes

Facchini, Giovanni; Mayda, Anna Maria; Puglisi, Riccardo

doi:10.1186/s40176-017-0095-1

Table 5 Robustness checks and placebo tests on other attitudinal variables

From: Illegal immigration and media exposure: evidence on individual attitudes

Dependent variable	Pro_minimum_wage dummy		Iraq_war_a_mistake dummy		Anti_CAFTA dummy
Estimation method	Probit	Probit	Probit	Probit	Probit	Probit
	[1]	[2]	[3]	[4]	[5]	[6]
Age	0.001	0.006^c	−0.010^c	−0.003	0.020^c	0.021^c
	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.002]	[0.002]	[0.001]	[0.001]
Age squared	−0.000^b	−0.000^c	0.000^c	0.000^b	−0.000^c	−0.000^c
	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]
Female dummy	0.095^c	0.066^c	0.034^c	−0.045^c	0.083^c	0.075^c
	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.008]	[0.010]	[0.009]	[0.009]
Black dummy	0.157^c	0.096^c	0.291^c	0.161^c	0.043^c	0.016
	[0.009]	[0.008]	[0.022]	[0.024]	[0.015]	[0.014]
Latino dummy	0.061^c	0.048^c	0.054^b	0.006	−0.071^c	−0.082^c
	[0.007]	[0.007]	[0.021]	[0.023]	[0.016]	[0.016]
Immigrant origin	0.011^b	−0.002	0.024^c	−0.003	−0.018^b	−0.020^b
	[0.004]	[0.004]	[0.006]	[0.009]	[0.008]	[0.008]
Education	−0.010^c	−0.020^c	0.031^c	0.025^c	−0.044^c	−0.045^c
	[0.002]	[0.002]	[0.003]	[0.003]	[0.004]	[0.004]
Income	−0.011^c	−0.007^c	−0.008^c	0.001	−0.014^c	−0.012^c
	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.002]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]
Conservative ideology (100-point scale)	–	−0.005^c	–	−0.010^c	–	−0.001^c
		[0.000]		[0.000]		[0.000]
Party id (3-point scale)	–	−0.072^c	–	−0.243^c	–	−0.044^c
		[0.004]		[0.009]		[0.007]
ABC dummy	−0.092^c	−0.061^c	−0.048^c	−0.004	0.006	0.012
	[0.022]	[0.018]	[0.017]	[0.016]	[0.022]	[0.023]
CNN dummy	0.046^c	0.013	0.169^c	0.136^c	0.101^c	0.094^c
	[0.016]	[0.016]	[0.014]	[0.015]	[0.018]	[0.018]
FOX News dummy	−0.442^c	−0.207^c	−0.588^c	−0.337^c	−0.104^c	−0.048^b
	[0.020]	[0.020]	[0.011]	[0.016]	[0.023]	[0.022]
PBS dummy	0.067^c	0.002	0.260^c	0.194^c	0.097^c	0.083^c
	[0.019]	[0.021]	[0.016]	[0.022]	[0.022]	[0.022]
NBC dummy	−0.069^c	−0.046^c	−0.013	0.016	0.009	0.013
	[0.017]	[0.015]	[0.016]	[0.018]	[0.017]	[0.017]
MSNBC dummy	0.070^c	0.017	0.221^c	0.163^c	0.109^c	0.098^c
	[0.019]	[0.020]	[0.015]	[0.019]	[0.016]	[0.016]
Other network dummy	−0.115^c	−0.100^c	−0.036	−0.002	0.047	0.052
	[0.042]	[0.038]	[0.038]	[0.045]	[0.036]	[0.036]
No evening news dummy	−0.299^c	−0.194^c	−0.252^c	−0.121^c	−0.051^c	−0.026
	[0.020]	[0.018]	[0.018]	[0.020]	[0.018]	[0.018]
Pseudo R-squared	0.18	0.31	0.26	0.53	0.06	0.07
Observations	21,063	21,063	19,453	19,453	16,590	16,590

The sample excludes all individuals who describe themselves as immigrants. In columns [1] and [2], the dependent variable is a dummy which equals 1 if the respondent would support an increase in the minimum wage and 0 otherwise. In column [3]–[4], the dependent variable is a dummy which equals 1 if the respondent thinks that the Iraq war was a mistake and 0 otherwise. In columns [5]–[6], the dependent variable is a dummy which equals 1 if the respondent would oppose the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) and 0 otherwise. The panel contains the estimated marginal effect on the probability of supporting the said positions, given an increase in the value of the relevant regressor, holding all other regressors at their mean values. For each attitudinal variable, socio-economic and ideology controls are those included in regressions [1] and [2], respectively, in Table 3
^aSignificant at 1%;
^bsignificant at 5%;
^csignificant at 1%

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