Illegal immigration and media exposure: evidence on individual attitudes

Facchini, Giovanni; Mayda, Anna Maria; Puglisi, Riccardo

doi:10.1186/s40176-017-0095-1

Table 7 Correlates of attitudes towards illegal immigration, baseline specification, question about the Senate vs. the House plan

From: Illegal immigration and media exposure: evidence on individual attitudes

Dependent variable	Pro_lenient_plan2 dummy
Estimation method	Probit	Probit	Probit	Probit	Probit	Probit	Probit
	[1]	[2]	[3]	[4]	[5]	[6]	[7]
Age	−0.018^c	−0.013^c	−0.013^c	−0.013^c	−0.013^c	−0.011^c	−0.012^c
	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.001]	[0.002]	[0.002]
Age squared	0.000^c	0.000^c	0.000^c	0.000^c	0.000^c	0.000^c	0.000^c
	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]
Female dummy	0.044^c	0.005	0.002	0.003	0.002	−0.002	0
	[0.011]	[0.012]	[0.012]	[0.012]	[0.013]	[0.012]	[0.011]
Black dummy	0.029	−0.024	−0.032	−0.03	−0.03	−0.03	−0.028
	[0.031]	[0.026]	[0.023]	[0.024]	[0.023]	[0.026]	[0.027]
Latino dummy	0.200^c	0.171^c	0.169^c	0.165^c	0.166^c	0.139^c	0.148^c
	[0.016]	[0.019]	[0.020]	[0.021]	[0.023]	[0.021]	[0.022]
Immigrant origin	0.026^c	0.019^c	0.018^c	0.019^c	0.020^c	0.031^c	0.031^c
	[0.007]	[0.007]	[0.006]	[0.006]	[0.006]	[0.007]	[0.007]
Education	0.045^c	0.041^c	0.042^c	0.042^c	0.041^c	0.041^c	0.037^c
	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]	[0.005]
Income	0.001	0.005^b	0.004^b	0.004^b	0.004^b	0.006^c	0.007^c
	[0.002]	[0.002]	[0.002]	[0.002]	[0.002]	[0.002]	[0.002]
Conservative ideology	–	−0.006^c	−0.005^c	−0.005^c	−0.006^c	−0.005^c	−0.005^c
(100-point scale)	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]	[0.000]
Party id (3-point scale)	–	−0.054^c	–	–	–	–	–
		[0.008]
Party id (7-point scale)	–	–	−0.029^c	−0.030^c	−0.029^c	−0.035^c	−0.029^c
	[0.003]	[0.003]	[0.003]	[0.005]	[0.005]
ABC dummy	−0.039	0.007	−0.005	−0.007	−0.003	–	–
	[0.024]	[0.028]	[0.028]	[0.027]	[0.030]
CNN dummy	−0.061^c	−0.062^c	−0.074^c	−0.073^c	−0.071^c	–	–
	[0.019]	[0.019]	[0.018]	[0.018]	[0.019]
FOX News dummy	−0.292^c	−0.114^c	−0.109^c	−0.109^c	−0.107^c	–	–
	[0.014]	[0.020]	[0.020]	[0.020]	[0.021]
PBS dummy	0.189^c	0.131^c	0.115^c	0.113^c	0.125^c	–	–
	[0.031]	[0.032]	[0.030]	[0.029]	[0.033]
NBC dummy	−0.016	0.02	0.01	0.011	0.018	–	–
	[0.017]	[0.020]	[0.018]	[0.019]	[0.020]
MSNBC dummy	−0.007	−0.031	−0.040^a	−0.040^a	−0.038	–	–
	[0.027]	[0.022]	[0.022]	[0.023]	[0.024]
Other network dummy	0.014	0.041	0.028	0.026	0.031	–	–
	[0.050]	[0.050]	[0.050]	[0.049]	[0.054]
No evening news dummy	−0.077^c	0.009	0.003	0.003	0.007	–	–
	[0.021]	[0.023]	[0.022]	[0.022]	[0.024]
Count of stories on illegal immigration on the favorite news	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.001^c
broadcast
							[0.000]
Count of stories mentioning immigration, but not the illegalone, on favorite broadcast	–	–	–	–	–	–	−0.001^c
							[0.000]
Population density (county level)	–	–	0.014^b	0.013^b	0.022^c	0.006	0.011
	[0.007]	[0.006]	[0.005]	[0.008]	[0.008]
Fraction of legal immigrants	–	–	0.001	–	–	0.001	0.001
(state level)
			[0.001]			[0.001]	[0.001]
State fixed effects	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
DMA fixed effects	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
Pseudo R-squared	0.14	0.25	0.25	0.26	0.27	0.22	0.24
Observations	8430	8430	8879	8877	8801	5871	5871

The sample excludes all individuals who describe themselves as immigrants. The dependent variable equals 1 if the respondent would have voted in favor of the Senate plan and 0 if the respondent would have voted in favor of the House plan. The table contains the estimated marginal effect on the Standard errors, adjusted for clustering at the state level, shown under each coefficient. See Table 4 for the definition of the other variables
^aSignificant at 1%;
^bsignificant at 5%;
^csignificant at 1%

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