Cognitive functioning among poor elderly persons: evidence from Peru

Table 2 Summary statistics

Variable	Total		Working	Retired	Diff.^a	Female	Male	Diff.^a
Variable	Mean	Std. dev.	Mean	Mean	Diff.^a	Mean	Mean	Diff.^a
Cognitive score	11.69	2.04	11.86	11.26	0.60***	11.27	12.02	−0.75***
Memory	5.06	1.15	5.11	4.96	0.15***	5.05	5.07	−0.02
Mental intactness	6.62	1.37	6.75	6.30	0.45***	6.22	6.95	−0.73***
Male (yes = 1)	0.55	0.50	0.66	0.30	0.36***
Mother tongue Quechua (yes = 1)	0.25	0.43	0.27	0.20	0.07***	0.26	0.24	0.03*
Mother tongue Aymara (yes = 1)	0.05	0.22	0.06	0.02	0.05***	0.05	0.05	−0.01
Age	71.17	4.39	70.70	72.34	−1.64***	71.08	71.24	−0.16
Illiterate (yes = 1)	0.28	0.45	0.24	0.40	−0.16***	0.50	0.11	0.40***
Retired (yes = 1)	0.29	0.45				0.45	0.15	0.30***
Arm span	156.03	10.91	157.55	152.22	5.32***	148.39	162.17	−13.78***
Haemoglobin	132.33	18.22	133.43	129.58	3.85***	127.44	136.27	−8.83***
Urban (yes = 1)	0.38	0.49	0.32	0.53	−0.20***	0.44	0.33	0.11***
Variables at district level:
Poverty rate (%)	47.14	22.22	47.89	45.25	2.64***	45.73	48.27	−2.54***
Altitude (metres/1000)	2.33	1.31	2.44	2.05	0.39***	2.34	2.32	0.02
Std. dev. of altitude	0.34	0.23	0.35	0.32	0.03***	0.33	0.35	−0.02***
Number of social assistance centres	1.34	1.58	1.24	1.59	−0.35***	1.38	1.30	0.07
Number of hospitals	0.81	1.73	0.68	1.13	−0.46***	0.89	0.74	0.16***
Number of social centres for old age	0.41	1.57	0.31	0.67	−0.36***	0.46	0.38	0.08
Electricity coverage +50% (yes = 1)	0.92	0.27	0.91	0.94	−0.02**	0.92	0.92	0.01
Water coverage +50% (yes = 1)	0.84	0.36	0.84	0.86	−0.02*	0.86	0.83	0.02**
Sewage system (yes = 1)	0.98	0.13	0.98	0.99	−0.01	0.98	0.98	0.00

*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01
^a T test of mean differences between (i) working and retired individuals and (ii) females and males