Acquisition of permanent residence by temporary foreign workers in Canada: a panel study of labour market outcomes before and after the status transition

Table 8 Log earnings models for temporary foreign workers, by sex and streams, 11-year balanced panel data

	Group 1: international agreements		Group 2: Canadian interests, employment benefit		Group 3: other Canadian interests		Group 4: temporary foreign workers with labour market opinion		Group 5: live-in caregivers
	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
	Percentage points
Years before transition
5	−0.121	0.119	−0.124	…	−0.251**	−0.086	−0.176**	−0.208*	…	−0.263***
4	−0.049	0.153	−0.041	…	−0.150*	−0.007	−0.136*	−0.206*	…	−0.165***
3	0.007	0.132	0.082	…	−0.017	0.071	−0.120*	−0.117	…	−0.134**
2	0.031	0.093	0.067	…	0.046	0.187**	−0.041	−0.055	…	−0.032
1	0.058	0.180*	0.118*	…	0.083*	0.199***	−0.024	−0.008	…	0.014
Years after transition
1	0.016	0.038	0.070	…	0.219***	0.187***	0.052^†	−0.002	…	0.040
2	0.060	0.043	0.042	…	0.248***	0.315***	0.076^†	0.038	…	0.119**
3	0.084	−0.065	0.042	…	0.300***	0.322***	0.088	0.053	…	0.098*
4	0.208**	−0.016	0.014	…	0.341***	0.289***	0.046	0.014	…	0.174**
5	0.234**	0.002	−0.056	…	0.399***	0.402***	−0.021	0.083	…	0.208***
Months of full-time study	−0.109***	−0.058**	−0.106**	…	−0.069***	−0.091***	−0.064***	−0.068***	…	−0.062***
Voluntary job mobility	−0.157	−0.582	−0.033	…	−0.197*	−0.233**	−0.235*	−0.137	…	−0.148**
Involuntary job mobility	−0.078	−0.060	−0.032	…	−0.016	0.045	−0.102**	−0.140*	…	−0.038*
	Number
R-squared	0.750	0.640	0.759	…	0.680	0.651	0.729	0.729	…	0.431
Person-year	3434	1248	2523	539	6548	6059	6512	2060	99	6206

Sources: Statistics Canada, Temporary Residents file, Immigrant Landing file and Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database
… sample size too small
*significantly different from reference category (p < 0.05); **significantly different from reference category (p < 0.01); ***significantly different from reference category (p < 0.001); ^†significantly different from reference category (p < 0.10)