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Table 9 Ordinary least square (OLS) regressions of the probability of a migrant being low, middle, or highly educated at the time of migration and becoming an inventor from the time of migration until 2007, 1990–2007 vs. 1985–2007

From: Liberalization of European migration and the immigration of skilled people to Sweden

 

Control: Other developed regions

1990–2007

1985–2007

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

90_Low2

90_Mid2

90_High2

90_Pat2

85_Low2

85_Mid2

85_High2

85_Pat2

EU-15 × 1994–2007

0.014**

0.012

− 0.026***

− 0.001

0.013**

0.004

− 0.017***

− 0.000

 

(0.007)

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.001)

(0.005)

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.001)

Age at migration

− 0.024***

− 0.055***

0.079***

0.001***

− 0.025***

− 0.048***

0.073***

0.001***

 

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.000)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.000)

Age2 at migration

0.000***

0.001***

− 0.001***

− 0.000***

0.000***

0.001***

− 0.001***

− 0.000***

 

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

Female

− 0.025***

0.008***

0.017***

− 0.004***

− 0.026***

0.010***

0.016***

− 0.004***

 

(0.002)

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.000)

(0.002)

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.000)

Human capital

− 0.318***

− 0.347***

0.665***

0.020

− 0.390***

− 0.298***

0.689***

0.015*

 

(0.056)

(0.096)

(0.100)

(0.012)

(0.056)

(0.083)

(0.084)

(0.009)

Year of immigration FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Region of origin FE

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observations

103,516

103,516

103,516

103,516

128,474

128,474

128,474

128,474

Adjusted R2

0.167

0.364

0.640

0.006

0.237

0.396

0.611

0.006

  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses. Source: Statistics Sweden and CIRCLE data on inventors
  2. ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1
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