From: Land tenure policy and off-farm employment in rural China
Dependent variable | Employment | Farm | Off-farm | Wage employment | Self-employment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land security × year08 | 0.052*** (0.019) | − 0.019 (0.026) | 0.071*** (0.025) | 0.048** (0.024) | 0.010 (0.014) |
Land security × year95 | 0.001 (0.012) | 0.005 (0.014) | − 0.004 (0.012) | − 0.005 (0.011) | − 0.003 (0.006) |
Land security | − 0.007 (0.008) | − 0.009 (0.01) | 0.002 (0.009) | 0.005 (0.009) | 0.000 (0.005) |
Year08 | − 0.108 (0.118) | − 0.073 (0.153) | − 0.035 (0.122) | − 0.027 (0.114) | 0.013 (0.054) |
Year95 | − 0.014 (0.011) | 0.058*** (0.013) | − 0.072*** (0.011) | − 0.044*** (0.01) | − 0.008 (0.005) |
Age | 0.059*** (0.001) | 0.052*** (0.002) | 0.006*** (0.001) | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.004*** (0.000) |
Age squared | − 0.001*** (0.000) | − 0.001*** (0.000) | 0.000*** (0.000) | 0.000*** (0.000) | 0.000*** (0.000) |
Education level | − 0.006*** (0.001) | − 0.010*** (0.001) | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.004*** (0.001) | 0.001* (0.000) |
Married | − 0.019** (0.008) | 0.084*** (0.009) | − 0.103*** (0.008) | − 0.118*** (0.008) | 0.009*** (0.004) |
Log land | 0.014*** (0.003) | 0.048*** (0.004) | − 0.033*** (0.004) | − 0.019*** (0.004) | − 0.017*** (0.002) |
Log asset | − 0.001 (0.002) | 0.000 (0.002) | − 0.002 (0.002) | − 0.012*** (0.002) | 0.013*** (0.001) |
Girls aged 6 or younger | 0.023*** (0.005) | 0.041*** (0.007) | − 0.017*** (0.006) | − 0.015** (0.006) | − 0.006* (0.003) |
Boys aged 6 or younger | 0.012** (0.005) | 0.032*** (0.007) | − 0.020 (0.006) | − 0.020*** (0.005) | − 0.005* (0.003) |
Boys aged 7–14 | − 0.011*** (0.004) | − 0.011** (0.005) | 0.000 (0.004) | − 0.003 (0.004) | 0.004* (0.002) |
Girls aged 7–14 | − 0.011*** (0.004) | − 0.012** (0.005) | 0.001 (0.004) | 0.001 (0.004) | − 0.001 (0.002) |
Women aged 15–25 | −0 .001 (0.003) | − 0.010*** (0.004) | 0.009*** (0.003) | 0.006** (0.003) | 0.004** (0.002) |
Men aged 15–25 | 0.004 (0.003) | − 0.003 (0.004) | 0.007* (0.004) | 0.005 (0.003) | 0.003 (0.002) |
Women aged 26–39 | − 0.056*** (0.006) | − 0.084*** (0.008) | 0.028*** (0.006) | 0.027*** (0.006) | 0.007** (0.003) |
Men aged 26–39 | − 0.007 (0.005) | − 0.004 (0.007) | − 0.003 (0.006) | − 0.002 (0.005) | 0.005* (0.003) |
Women aged 40–50 | − 0.061*** (0.007) | − 0.126*** (0.009) | 0.065*** (0.008) | 0.066*** (0.007) | 0.002 (0.004) |
Men aged 40–50 | − 0.021*** (0.006) | − 0.013 (0.009) | − 0.008 (0.007) | − 0.002 (0.007) | − 0.002 (0.004) |
Women aged 51–69 | − 0.031*** (0.006) | − 0.123*** (0.009) | 0.092*** (0.008) | 0.090*** (0.007) | 0.011*** (0.004) |
Men aged 51–69 | 0.030*** (0.006) | 0.018** (0.009) | 0.012* (0.007) | 0.017** (0.007) | − 0.001 (0.003) |
Women aged 70 over | − 0.004 (0.007) | − 0.013 (0.009) | 0.009 (0.008) | 0.006 (0.008) | 0.001 (0.004) |
Men aged 70 over | − 0.014* (0.009) | − 0.014 (0.011) | 0.000 (0.009) | 0.000 (0.009) | 0.001 (0.005) |
Log per capita income | − 0.013* (0.006) | − 0.016** (0.008) | 0.003 (0.007) | − 0.002 (0.006) | 0.003 (0.003) |
Log consumption_level | 0.185 (0.215) | 0.005 (0.275) | 0.179 (0.218) | 0.227 (0.205) | − 0.034 (0.095) |
R 2 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.09 |
No. of obs. | 28,813 |