Panel A. First stage: remittance reception | (1) | (2) | (3) |
---|---|---|---|
Instruments | |||
Lagged migration network | 9.983*** | 9.604*** | 9.528*** |
(0.2105) | (0.2143) | (0.2154) | |
Migrant’s age between 20 and 50 | 1.120*** | 0.483*** | |
(0.0119) | (0.0150) | ||
Migrant resides in the USA | 0.951*** | ||
(0.0189) | |||
Migrants resided in Europe | 1.084*** | ||
(0.0171) | |||
Controls | |||
Age | 0.023 | 0.022 | 0.021 |
(0.2105) | (0.0183) | (0.0184) | |
Female (1 = yes) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.004 |
(0.0034) | (0.0034) | (0.0034) | |
Rural (1 = yes) | 0.004 | −0.007 | −0.007 |
(0.0055) | (0.0056) | (0.0056) | |
Migrant relatives | 0.732*** | 0.315*** | 0.109*** |
(0.0074) | (0.0071) | (0.0068) | |
Wealth index | 2.333*** | 2.300*** | 2.294*** |
(0.0220) | (0.0222) | (0.0223) | |
Infants in household | −0.028*** | −0.018*** | −0.015*** |
(0.0035) | (0.0034) | (0.0034) | |
Panel B. Second stage: school enrollment | (1) | (2) | (3) |
Remittance reception (1 = yes) | 0.184*** | 0.169*** | 0.148*** |
(0.0334) | (0.0246) | (0.0225) | |
Age | −0.228*** | −0.228*** | −0.228*** |
(0.0159) | (0.0159) | (0.0159) | |
Female (1 = yes) | −0.012*** | −0.012*** | −0.012*** |
(0.0027) | (0.0027) | (0.0027) | |
Rural (1 = yes) | −0.085*** | −0.085*** | −0.085*** |
(0.0036) | (0.0036) | (0.0036) | |
Migrant relatives | −0.043*** | −0.039*** | −0.034*** |
(0.0084) | (0.0068) | (0.0064) | |
Wealth index | 1.958*** | 1.962*** | 1.968*** |
(0.0173) | (0.0161) | (0.0158) | |
Infants in household | −0.152*** | −0.152*** | −0.152*** |
(0.0019) | (0.0019) | (0.0019) | |
ρ | −0.069 | −0.063 | −0.052 |
χ2 for Wald’s test of ρ=0 | 16.733 | 25.093 | 20.909 |
p value for Wald’s test of ρ=0 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |