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Table 14 Detailed threefold income decompositions: Kazakhstan

From: Just like a woman? New comparative evidence on the gender income gap across Eastern Europe and Central Asia

 

Using male endowments and returns

Using female endowments and returns

 

Endowments

Coefficients

Interaction

Endowments

Coefficients

Interaction

Education

− 0.060***

− 0.145

0.01

− 0.050***

− 0.136

− 0.01

[0.016]

[0.232]

[0.016]

[0.013]

[0.216]

[0.016]

Potential exp

− 0.009

0.471

− 0.008

− 0.017**

0.462

0.008

[0.006]

[0.384]

[0.007]

[0.007]

[0.378]

[0.007]

Sector

0.029

− 0.025

− 0.012

0.017

− 0.037

0.012

[0.018]

[0.067]

[0.022]

[0.014]

[0.064]

[0.022]

Contract status

− 0.004

− 0.013

− 0.012

− 0.016**

− 0.026

0.012

[0.008]

[0.087]

[0.010]

[0.008]

[0.088]

[0.010]

Social security

0

− 0.039

0

− 0.001

− 0.039

0

[0.001]

[0.071]

[0.006]

[0.006]

[0.071]

[0.006]

Location

− 0.019

− 0.004

− 0.002

− 0.02

− 0.005

0.002

[0.015]

[0.009]

[0.004]

[0.016]

[0.013]

[0.004]

Constant

 

0.049

  

0.049

 
 

[0.489]

  

[0.489]

 
  1. Notes: Values in brackets are within-community correlation/clustering adjusted standard errors (Wooldridge 2010) (and therefore also (implicitly) robust (Huber 1967; White 1980)), computed according to Jann (2008). Source: UNDP/UNICEF Social Exclusion Dataset 2010 (collected November–December 2009)
  2. *Statistically significant at 10%; **statistically significant at 5%; ***statistically significant at 1%