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Table 7 Means and standard deviations of monthly income and explanatory variables by gender

From: Just like a woman? New comparative evidence on the gender income gap across Eastern Europe and Central Asia

 

Kazakhstan

Macedonia

Moldova

Serbia

Tajikistan

Ukraine

 

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Ln income

10.494

10.288

9.626

9.45

7.445

7.19

10.273

10.129

6.03

5.858

7.407

7.102

[0.675]

[0.665]

[0.503]

[0.574]

[0.799]

[0.650]

[0.552]

[0.580]

[0.560]

[0.424]

[0.478]

[0.511]

Age

38.087

39.114

41.324

39.105

41.722

40.986

39.006

38.135

38.29

37.996

38.786

40.712

[12.096]

[11.224]

[11.638]

[10.565]

[12.842]

[11.797]

[10.837]

[9.838]

[12.098]

[12.325]

[11.565]

[11.751]

Age2/100

15.967

16.556

18.429

16.406

19.051

18.188

16.387

15.509

16.121

15.95

16.378

17.952

[9.791]

[8.989]

[9.886]

[8.419]

[10.994]

[9.736]

[8.907]

[7.896]

[10.136]

[9.794]

[9.432]

[10.061]

Years of schooling

12.694

13.611

13.339

13.628

12.679

12.722

12.229

13.023

12.545

12.147

13.14

13.556

[2.539]

[2.524]

[2.605]

[2.899]

[2.828]

[2.778]

[2.460]

[2.762]

[2.675]

[2.927]

[2.547]

[2.441]

Private

0.604

0.398

0.637

0.589

0.491

0.321

0.616

0.58

0.45

0.331

0.564

0.385

[0.489]

[0.490]

[0.481]

[0.493]

[0.501]

[0.467]

[0.487]

[0.494]

[0.498]

[0.471]

[0.496]

[0.487]

Public

0.28

0.49

0.32

0.365

0.449

0.652

0.337

0.383

0.436

0.571

0.363

0.554

[0.449]

[0.500]

[0.467]

[0.482]

[0.498]

[0.477]

[0.473]

[0.487]

[0.497]

[0.496]

[0.481]

[0.498]

Mixed

0.057

0.062

0.008

0.016

0.017

0.01

0.022

0.022

0.035

0.065

0.048

0.042

[0.231]

[0.241]

[0.090]

[0.126]

[0.130]

[0.099]

[0.148]

[0.147]

[0.185]

[0.248]

[0.215]

[0.202]

Coop, NGO, etc.

0.028

0.044

0.01

0.023

  

0.019

0.011

0.046

0.012

0.013

0.006

[0.164]

[0.205]

[0.101]

[0.150]

  

[0.135]

[0.105]

[0.210]

[0.110]

[0.114]

[0.078]

Sector not specified

0.032

0.007

0.024

0.007

0.043

0.018

0.006

0.004

0.033

0.02

0.011

0.012

[0.176]

[0.081]

[0.155]

[0.083]

[0.202]

[0.132]

[0.075]

[0.066]

[0.178]

[0.142]

[0.105]

[0.109]

Written contract

0.749

0.822

0.863

0.927

0.83

0.898

0.929

0.931

0.588

0.669

0.819

0.851

[0.434]

[0.383]

[0.344]

[0.261]

[0.377]

[0.303]

[0.257]

[0.253]

[0.493]

[0.471]

[0.385]

[0.357]

No written contract

0.228

0.147

0.104

0.055

0.128

0.061

0.045

0.035

0.366

0.302

0.143

0.111

[0.420]

[0.355]

[0.306]

[0.228]

[0.334]

[0.240]

[0.207]

[0.185]

[0.482]

[0.460]

[0.351]

[0.314]

Contract: do not know/refuse

0.023

0.031

0.033

0.018

0.043

0.041

0.026

0.033

0.046

0.029

0.037

0.038

[0.150]

[0.173]

[0.178]

[0.134]

[0.202]

[0.199]

[0.159]

[0.179]

[0.210]

[0.167]

[0.190]

[0.192]

Social security on job

0.208

0.209

0.857

0.897

0.707

0.734

0.873

0.885

0.198

0.135

0.335

0.319

[0.406]

[0.407]

[0.350]

[0.304]

[0.456]

[0.442]

[0.333]

[0.319]

[0.399]

[0.342]

[0.472]

[0.466]

No social security on job

0.755

0.752

0.118

0.084

0.278

0.234

0.115

0.091

0.78

0.8

0.628

0.621

[0.430]

[0.433]

[0.323]

[0.278]

[0.449]

[0.424]

[0.320]

[0.288]

[0.414]

[0.401]

[0.484]

[0.486]

Social security: do not know/refuse

0.037

0.04

0.024

0.018

0.014

0.031

0.011

0.024

0.022

0.065

0.037

0.06

[0.188]

[0.195]

[0.155]

[0.134]

[0.119]

[0.175]

[0.105]

[0.154]

[0.146]

[0.248]

[0.190]

[0.239]

Rural

0.657

0.611

0.504

0.511

0.517

0.62

0.663

0.668

0.835

0.812

0.667

0.629

[0.475]

[0.488]

[0.500]

[0.500]

[0.500]

[0.486]

[0.473]

[0.471]

[0.372]

[0.391]

[0.472]

[0.484]

Urban

0.343

0.389

0.496

0.489

0.483

0.38

0.337

0.332

0.165

0.188

0.333

0.371

[0.475]

[0.488]

[0.500]

[0.500]

[0.500]

[0.486]

[0.473]

[0.471]

[0.372]

[0.391]

[0.472]

[0.484]

N

654

455

490

438

352

508

537

452

369

245

537

496

  1. Notes: Standard deviations in brackets under the means. Source: UNDP/UNICEF Social Exclusion Dataset 2010 (collected November–December 2009)