Skip to main content

Table 9 Mincer income regressions across gender (interval regression)

From: Just like a woman? New comparative evidence on the gender income gap across Eastern Europe and Central Asia

 

Kazakhstan

Macedonia

Moldova

Serbia

Tajikistan

Ukraine

 

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

Age

0.042***

0.024

0.039**

0.023

0.013

0.003

0.021

0.018

0.047**

0.057

0.013

0.008

[0.012]

[0.015]

[0.019]

[0.017]

[0.016]

[0.014]

[0.014]

[0.018]

[0.023]

[0.045]

[0.012]

[0.011]

Age2/100

− 0.047***

− 0.028

− 0.042*

− 0.017

− 0.021

− 0.009

− 0.023

− 0.014

− 0.059**

− 0.079

− 0.018

− 0.005

[0.015]

[0.018]

[0.024]

[0.021]

[0.019]

[0.017]

[0.017]

[0.022]

[0.028]

[0.055]

[0.015]

[0.013]

Years of schooling

0.055***

0.057***

0.060***

0.081***

0.084***

0.070***

0.061***

0.085***

0.042*

0.007

0.022**

0.065***

[0.011]

[0.013]

[0.008]

[0.010]

[0.015]

[0.011]

[0.011]

[0.009]

[0.021]

[0.037]

[0.009]

[0.008]

Public

− 0.089

− 0.142**

0.103**

0.092*

− 0.357***

− 0.229***

0.032

0.009

− 0.176

− 0.522**

− 0.062

− 0.230***

[0.056]

[0.069]

[0.045]

[0.052]

[0.087]

[0.068]

[0.054]

[0.052]

[0.113]

[0.243]

[0.052]

[0.040]

Mixed

0.083

− 0.104

0.02

0.102

− 0.501**

0.106

− 0.123

− 0.119

− 0.256

− 0.527

− 0.03

0.063

[0.106]

[0.121]

[0.176]

[0.220]

[0.240]

[0.300]

[0.108]

[0.088]

[0.223]

[0.343]

[0.072]

[0.108]

Coop, NGO, etc.

0.04

− 0.155

− 0.631**

− 0.046

NA

NA

0

0.049

0.175

− 4.169***

− 0.273

− 0.322*

[0.186]

[0.127]

[0.261]

[0.156]

  

[0.228]

[0.272]

[0.250]

[0.534]

[0.167]

[0.192]

Sector not specified

− 0.034

− 0.105

− 0.538***

− 0.785**

− 0.342

− 0.779***

0.258

0.027

0.164

− 4.014***

0.247

− 0.31

[0.150]

[0.245]

[0.151]

[0.307]

[0.210]

[0.237]

[0.229]

[0.109]

[0.254]

[0.603]

[0.198]

[0.197]

No written contract

− 0.160**

− 0.042

− 0.001

− 0.027

− 0.099

− 0.169

− 0.454***

− 0.089

0.016

− 0.234

− 0.052

− 0.098

[0.068]

[0.085]

[0.088]

[0.104]

[0.155]

[0.154]

[0.113]

[0.170]

[0.118]

[0.257]

[0.066]

[0.066]

Contract: do not know/refuse

0.139

0.01

− 0.003

0.032

− 0.316**

0.218*

− 0.238*

− 0.104

− 0.16

0.474

− 0.094

0.097

[0.183]

[0.189]

[0.151]

[0.164]

[0.149]

[0.113]

[0.130]

[0.119]

[0.241]

[0.509]

[0.099]

[0.074]

No soc security on job

− 0.222***

− 0.055

− 0.212***

− 0.114

− 0.088

0.015

− 0.067

− 0.308**

− 0.217*

− 0.174

− 0.084

− 0.036

[0.058]

[0.074]

[0.082]

[0.116]

[0.105]

[0.089]

[0.101]

[0.152]

[0.127]

[0.274]

[0.054]

[0.041]

Soc sec: do not know/refuse

− 0.114

0.039

− 0.211*

− 0.034

0.348

− 0.199

− 0.299

− 0.006

0.072

0.309

− 0.294***

0.044

[0.146]

[0.165]

[0.110]

[0.241]

[0.412]

[0.159]

[0.286]

[0.120]

[0.264]

[0.379]

[0.088]

[0.069]

Urban

0.408***

0.390***

0.03

0.104*

0.208**

0.261***

0.373***

0.387***

0.268*

0.399

0.335***

0.168***

[0.058]

[0.065]

[0.044]

[0.054]

[0.087]

[0.060]

[0.060]

[0.066]

[0.139]

[0.261]

[0.055]

[0.041]

Constant

9.068***

9.057***

8.033***

7.670***

6.484***

6.536***

8.980***

8.454***

4.793***

4.813***

6.915***

6.072***

[0.265]

[0.367]

[0.409]

[0.375]

[0.406]

[0.346]

[0.316]

[0.329]

[0.575]

[0.978]

[0.266]

[0.228]

ln sigma

− 0.636***

− 0.685***

− 0.865***

− 0.809***

− 0.455***

− 0.639***

− 0.739***

− 0.811***

− 0.431***

− 0.165

− 0.803***

− 1.005***

[0.040]

[0.050]

[0.043]

[0.047]

[0.051]

[0.055]

[0.038]

[0.050]

[0.102]

[0.151]

[0.046]

[0.042]

N

654

455

490

438

352

508

537

452

369

245

537

496

  1. Notes: Values in brackets are within-community correlation/clustering adjusted standard errors (Wooldridge 2010) (and therefore also (implicitly) robust (Huber 1967; White 1980)). Reference categories are as follows: private (sector); written contract (contract); rural (rural-urban location). Source: UNDP/UNICEF Social Exclusion Dataset 2010 (collected November–December 2009)
  2. *Statistically significant at 10%; **statistically significant at 5%; ***statistically significant at 1%