Gender gaps in the path to adulthood for young females and males in six African countries from the 1990s to the 2010s

Table 6 Regressions for educational outcomes based on pooled country-level data

Coefficient	Burkina Faso	Ethiopia	Ghana	Kenya	Tanzania	Uganda
If individuals have some secondary education
Male	0.078***	0.042***	0.033	0.114***	0.007	0.100***
Male	[0.016]	[0.012]	[0.026]	[0.042]	[0.017]	[0.021]
Later year	0.222***	− 0.012**	0.609***	0.280***	0.262***	0.283***
Later year	[0.015]	[0.006]	[0.015]	[0.013]	[0.011]	[0.021]
Male × later year	− 0.007	− 0.013	− 0.006	− 0.142***	0.058**	− 0.124***
Male × later year	[0.019]	[0.014]	[0.030]	[0.043]	[0.023]	[0.028]
N	8348	13,459	4412	12,928	6150	5534
r²	0.178	0.272	0.416	0.174	0.241	0.148
Female baseline value	0.093	0.124	0.114	0.231	0.061	0.160
Literacy status
Male	0.075***	0.152***	0.041	0.086***	0.082***	0.153***
Male	[0.018]	[0.018]	[0.029]	[0.031]	[0.019]	[0.024]
Later year	0.268***	0.199***	0.394***	0.107***	0.094***	0.237***
Later year	[0.016]	[0.009]	[0.017]	[0.010]	[0.012]	[0.024]
Male × later year	0.016	− 0.044**	0.034	− 0.100***	− 0.080***	− 0.208***
Male × later year	[0.021]	[0.021]	[0.033]	[0.032]	[0.026]	[0.032]
N	8266	13,005	4407	12,878	6128	5496
r²	0.195	0.223	0.265	0.053	0.102	0.132
Female baseline value	0.122	0.264	0.232	0.778	0.680	0.388

Sample: respondents aged 15–20 years in the DHS survey. The dependent variable takes the value 1 if the respondent at least started secondary education or passes the literacy test and zero if not. Controls include year-specific age dummies, regional dummies interacted with urban/rural, household size and number of household members less than 5 years. *** and ** reflect conventional significance at 1 and 5% levels