Table 4 Test of average observed characteristics over contractionary periods, CPS data, 1996–2013

From: First fired, first hired? Business cycles and immigrant labor market transitions

	(1)	(2)	Mean (1) − Mean (2)
	Normal periods	Downturns	Difference
Immigrant	0.1271	0.1270	0.0001
Age	41.7489	41.7305	0.0185
Female	0.5196	0.5191	0.0006
Married	0.6084	0.6107	− 0.0023^‡
High school or less	0.4208	0.4214	− 0.0006
Some college but no degree	0.2928	0.2930	− 0.0002
College	0.1926	0.1923	0.0003
Above college	0.0938	0.0933	0.0005^‡
White	0.7529	0.7532	− 0.0003
Black	0.0942	0.0940	0.0003
Hispanic	0.1076	0.1071	0.0005
Asian	0.0420	0.0417	0.0003
Americas	0.9340	0.9342	− 0.0002
Europe	0.0201	0.0202	− 0.0001
Asian Pacific	0.0411	0.0408	0.0003
Africa	0.0048	0.0047	0.0001
Observations	7,700,001	4,004,219

Notes: The sample consists of people aged 20–64. All estimates are calculated using sample weights provided by the CPS
^‡p < 0.01

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