First fired, first hired? Business cycles and immigrant labor market transitions

Xu, Huanan

doi:10.1186/s40176-018-0127-5

Table 8 Test for heterogeneity based on two-way transitions: matched CPS data, 1996–2013

From: First fired, first hired? Business cycles and immigrant labor market transitions

	Employment to unemployment	Unemployment to employment
	Reported coefficient: UnemploymentImmigrant*
Gender
Male	0.000667^***	0.000885
Male	(0.000106)	(0.00135)
Female	0.000176^*	0.00426^***
Female	(0.0000983)	(0.00153)
Age
20–30	0.000795^***	0.00104
20–30	(0.000191)	(0.00218)
31–40	0.000532^***	0.00694^***
31–40	(0.000140)	(0.00201)
41–50	0.000293^**	0.00203
41–50	(0.000127)	(0.00194)
51–60	0.000213	0.00152
51–60	(0.000153)	(0.00228)
> 61	− 0.000179	0.00368
> 61	(0.000321)	(0.00478)
Race
White	− 0.000325^***	0.00413^*
White	(0.000119)	(0.00219)
Black	0.000201	− 0.0108^***
Black	(0.000306)	(0.00337)
Hispanic	0.00106^***	− 0.000536
Hispanic	(0.000166)	(0.00182)
Asian	0.0000391	− 0.00487
Asian	(0.000191)	(0.00414)
Other	0.000433	0.0123
Other	(0.000649)	(0.0106)
Education
No more than high school	0.000804^***	0.00312^**
No more than high school	(0.000128)	(0.00135)
Some college but no degree	0.000187	0.00275
Some college but no degree	(0.000151)	(0.00225)
Bachelor’s degree	− 0.000073	− 0.00236
Bachelor’s degree	(0.000123)	(0.00252)
Master’s degree and above	− 0.000178	0.0110^***
Master’s degree and above	(0.000119)	(0.00395)
Region
Northeast	0.000290^*	0.00455
Northeast	(0.000176)	(0.00307)
Midwest	0.0000285	− 0.000134
Midwest	(0.000184)	(0.00279)
South	0.000626^***	0.00122
South	(0.000146)	(0.00222)
West	0.000549^***	0.00256^*
West	(0.000120)	(0.00153)
Industry
Agriculture	0.00139	0.0230^***
Agriculture	(0.000911)	(0.00578)
Mining	0.000408	− 0.0116
Mining	(0.00151)	(0.0292)
Construction	0.00200^***	− 0.00343
Construction	(0.000404)	(0.00273)
Manufacturing	− 0.0000379	0.00167
Manufacturing	(0.000180)	(0.00233)
Wholesale and retail trade	0.000565^***	0.0026
Wholesale and retail trade	(0.000185)	(0.00277)
Transportation and utilities	0.000586^**	0.00124
Transportation and utilities	(0.000297)	(0.00514)
Information	0.000683	0.000421
Information	(0.000526)	(0.00635)
Financial activities	0.0000336	0.0126^***
Financial activities	(0.000212)	(0.00421)
Professional and business services	0.000165	− 0.000308
Professional and business services	(0.000222)	(0.00281)
Educational and health services	− 0.00000648	0.000738
Educational and health services	(0.000123)	(0.00308)
Leisure and hospitality	0.00000727	0.00332
Leisure and hospitality	(0.000210)	(0.00328)
Other services	0.000171	0.00581
Other services	(0.000306)	(0.00476)
Public administration	0.000392	0.00333
Public administration	(0.000283)	(0.00782)
Occupational sector
Government	0.000322^*	0.00663
Government	(0.000170)	(0.00440)
Private	0.000441^***	0.00239^**
Private	(0.0000842)	(0.00107)
Self-employed	0.000761^***	0.00630
Self-employed	(0.000237)	(0.00454)
Without pay	0.00186	− 0.0738
Without pay	(0.00315)	(0.170)

Notes: The sample consists of people aged 20–64 who are in the labor force for any two consecutive months. The reported estimate is Unemployment*Immigrant. All estimates are calculated using sample weights provided by the CPS. Standard errors are adjusted for multiple observations per individual. All specifications also included a constant, the immigrant dummy by country of origin, the business cycle control variable, relative personal and job controls, and state and month fixed effects, comparable to the baseline model in Table 3 Specification 2. The numbers of observations are provided in Appendix: Table 11. Unemployment = the state-level unemployment rate − the national natural rate of unemployment
^*p < 0.10, ^**p < 0.05, ^***p < 0.01

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