From: Labor market mobility and the early-career outcomes of immigrant men
Variable | White Canadian-born | Visible minority Canadian-born | White immigrant | Visible minority immigrant |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unemployed | 0.082 | 0.084 | 0.043 | 0.067 |
New employer | 0.123 | 0.110 | 0.209 | 0.151 |
Same employer, promoted | 0.335 | 0.269 | 0.311 | 0.199 |
Same employer, not promoted | 0.460 | 0.537 | 0.437 | 0.583 |
Change in log-hourly wageǂ | 0.083 | 0.009 | 0.095 | 0.066 |
Changed occupationsǂ | 0.162 | 0.223 | 0.258 | 0.193 |
Log-hourly wage in the first interview | 2.664 | 2.773 | 2.887 | 2.731 |
Education | ||||
Bachelor or higher | 0.190 | 0.305 | 0.444 | 0.509 |
More than high school but less than bachelor | 0.551 | 0.548 | 0.356 | 0.389 |
High school grad | 0.181 | 0.074 | 0.141 | 0.077 |
Less than high school* | 0.077 | 0.071 | 0.056 | 0.023 |
Married | 0.426 | 0.243 | 0.547 | 0.437 |
Number of dependent children | 0.282 | 0.109 | 0.272 | 0.298 |
Age | 25.202 | 24.925 | 27.397 | 27.596 |
Years of actual full-time experience | 5.281 | 4.427 | 5.735 | 5.481 |
Full-time job | 0.737 | 0.615 | 0.822 | 0.862 |
Membership in a union | 0.181 | 0.161 | 0.109 | 0.144 |
Tenure with employer | 3.044 | 2.201 | 3.199 | 2.833 |
Language spoken at home different from work | 0.032 | 0.020 | 0.014 | 0.053 |
Industry | ||||
Construction and natural resources | 0.085 | 0.015 | 0.063 | 0.007 |
Transportation, warehousing, wholesale | 0.116 | 0.044 | 0.128 | 0.065 |
Communication and other utilities | 0.017 | 0.014 | 0.007 | 0.011 |
Retail trade and consumer services | 0.300 | 0.238 | 0.222 | 0.263 |
Finance and insurance | 0.027 | 0.123 | 0.029 | 0.120 |
Real estate, rental, and leasing operations | 0.016 | 0.019 | 0.007 | 0.004 |
Business services | 0.124 | 0.144 | 0.175 | 0.197 |
Education and health services | 0.071 | 0.163 | 0.075 | 0.057 |
Information and cultural industries | 0.037 | 0.047 | 0.038 | 0.021 |
Manufacturing* | 0.202 | 0.188 | 0.250 | 0.250 |
Occupation | ||||
Managers | 0.093 | 0.074 | 0.150 | 0.150 |
Professionals | 0.142 | 0.261 | 0.323 | 0.251 |
Technical/traders | 0.504 | 0.332 | 0.374 | 0.354 |
Marketing/sales | 0.054 | 0.141 | 0.019 | 0.071 |
Clerical/administrative | 0.087 | 0.151 | 0.052 | 0.121 |
Production workers* | 0.116 | 0.038 | 0.079 | 0.050 |
Percentile in firm wage distribution | 0.298 | 0.321 | 0.256 | 0.341 |
Number of observations | 4192 | 189 | 260 | 266 |