Enforcement of labor regulations and job flows: evidence from Brazilian cities

Table 5 Statistics for worker and job flows, inspection indicator, and establishment characteristics at the city level

	Median (1)	Percentile 90 (2)	Percentile 10 (3)	Coeff. Var. (4)
Job creation rate	15.4	22.9	11.8	0.4
Job destruction rate	8.6	12.6	5.5	0.4
Net job growth rate	7.0	13.6	2.2	0.9
Job reallocation rate	24.3	33.6	18.9	0.3
Accession rate	42.4	64.6	31.3	0.4
Separation rate	37.1	54.5	24.3	0.4
Inspection frequency	0.20	0.36	0.04	0.8

Source: Authors’ calculations using RAIS and SFIT (1996–2006)
Note: inspection frequency is measured at the city-level by the number of visits divided by the average number of establishments. Job creation, job destruction, net growth, job reallocation, accessions and separations are defined by Eqs. 1 to 6 in the main text, respectively. Column (4) has the coefficient of variation defined as the ratio of the standard deviation over the mean. Establishment size is defined as the number of employees divided by the number of establishments. Establishment size and share of workers with secondary degree are averaged across establishments in the city and aggregated at the national level using city-year employment weights