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Table 9 Enforcement of labor regulations and job flow rates, controlling for state time trends

From: Enforcement of labor regulations and job flows: evidence from Brazilian cities

Dependent variable

Job creation rate

Job destruction rate

Net job growth rate

Job reallocation rate

Accession rate

Separation rate

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

Enforcement labor regulations in city-year

1.6148* (0.8837)

0.0168 (0.6235)

1.5980* (0.9532)

16,317 (1.1961)

6.2209*** (1.6509)

4.6229** (1.4275)

R-squared

0.520

0.413

0.403

0.557

0.803

0.817

Observations

32,540

32,540

32,540

32,540

32,540

32,540

City dummies and time-varying controls

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

State-year dummies

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

  1. Sources: Authors’ calculations using RAIS, Ipeadata, and Ministry of Labor-SFIT administrative data on inspections (1996–2006)
  2. Note: this table reports coefficients from the ordinary least squares estimation of Eq. (9) in the paper, where the dependent variable in column (1) is the job creation rate at city-year level, in column (2) job destruction rate at city- year level, in column (3) net growth rate at city-year level (job creation minus job destruction), in column (4) job reallocation rate at city-year level (job creation plus job destruction), in column (5) accession rates at city-year level, and in column (6) separation rates at the city-level. In all specifications, enforcement of labor regulations is measured with the number of inspections per average number of establishments in the city. Regressions include controls for several observable time-varying city characteristics (unreported) including average, median, and 75th percentile of plant size in the city; city-level GDP; share establishments in agriculture; share of establishments in industry, average, median, and 75th percentile of share of workers with secondary education in the establishment at the city-level; total city population; and total city homicide rates. ***Significance at the 1% level; **significance at the 5% level; *significance at the 10% level. Robust standard errors, clustered at the city level, are reported in parentheses. All regressions include city-level fixed effects and state-year dummies. All regressions are weighted by the average employment in the city
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