Following in their footsteps: an analysis of the impact of successive migration on rural household welfare in Ghana

Table 5 Effect of having a new migrant on housing quality index, weighted least squares

	Wealth index
	(1)	(2)	(3)
New migrant * 2015	− 0.011	− 0.017	− 0.016
	(0.007)	(0.011)	(0.011)
2015 (= 1)	0.001	0.007	0.012
	(0.005)	(0.009)	(0.009)
Household has return migrant (= 1)			− 0.015*
			(0.008)
Dependency ratio			0.002
			(0.004)
Occupation of household head (base = inactive/others)
Employee			0.014
			(0.015)
Self-employed			− 0.001
			(0.016)
Unpaid work/unemployed			− 0.003
			(0.018)
Local employment rate			0.138
			(0.104)
Entropy balancing weights	No	Yes	Yes
Household fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	960	960	960
Adjusted R²	0.584	0.522	0.528
Number of clusters	93	93	93

Notes: Significance levels *10%, **5%, and ***1%. Fixed effects estimator. S.E. clustered at community level. Column 1 runs model 1 without further control variables and without applying entropy balancing weights. In column 2, these weights are applied. In column 3, time-varying control variables are added to the model. Source: Authors’ calculations based on MooP Ghana panel study