Transitions between informal and formal employment: results from a worker survey in Bangladesh

Table 4 Benefits by type of employment

	Private employees (base category)	Government employees	Casual workers
Written contract	25.1%	91.9%***	1.6%***
Verbal contract	48.2%	5.0%***	51.3%
Sick leave	87.7%	98.5%***	63.7%***
Casual leave	61.3%	96.6%***	26%***
Holiday leave	83.0%	87.8%	17%***
Maternity leave	85.1%	93.8%*	27%***
Paid overtime	33.6%	19.4%***	7.3%***
Bonus	86.0%	95.8%***	26.1%***
Provident Fund	12.7%	92.9%***	0.6%***
Gratuity	6.4%	71.9%***	0.6%***
Pension	0.7%	82.1%***	0.8%
Termination notice	45.3%	73.5%***	14.4%***

Note: Reported benefits by employment type, based on current employment type at the time of the survey. Casual worker category includes day laborers, seasonal workers, domestic workers, and apprentices, interns or trainees. Sampling weights are applied. We run t-tests of the difference between the prevalence of benefits among government employees and casual workers and the prevalence of benefits for private employees (the base category). ***, **, and * denote that the p value of the t-test is less than 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1, respectively