From: Economic liberalisation and the mobility of minority groups: evidence from Māori in New Zealand
Sole Māori | Mixed Māori | European | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Local iwi | Non-local iwi | No iwi affiliation | Local iwi | Non-local iwi | No iwi affiliation | ||
Moved from outside LMA | 17 % | 28 % | 20 % | 17 % | 26 % | 21 % | 18 % |
Mean age | 42.9 | 42.8 | 42.2 | 41.5 | 41.1 | 40.8 | 44.2 |
Female | 55 % | 50 % | 47 % | 60 % | 59 % | 51 % | 52 % |
Has no qualifications | 44 % | 39 % | 51 % | 29 % | 22 % | 33 % | 22 % |
Has school qualification | 22 % | 25 % | 18 % | 32 % | 32 % | 30 % | 33 % |
Post-school qualification | 18 % | 19 % | 11 % | 25 % | 26 % | 20 % | 27 % |
University degree | 5 % | 7 % | 2 % | 8 % | 14 % | 7 % | 14 % |
Missing qualifications | 12 % | 10 % | 18 % | 7 % | 5 % | 9 % | 4 % |
Single, never married | 24 % | 22 % | 26 % | 18 % | 17 % | 19 % | 12 % |
Legally/de facto married | 61 % | 63 % | 56 % | 68 % | 69 % | 66 % | 76 % |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 14 % | 15 % | 14 % | 13 % | 13 % | 14 % | 12 % |
Missing marital status | 1 % | 1 % | 3 % | 0 % | 0 % | 1 % | 0 % |
Employed full-time | 53 % | 59 % | 52 % | 60 % | 62 % | 60 % | 68 % |
Employed part-time | 13 % | 12 % | 12 % | 15 % | 15 % | 14 % | 16 % |
Unemployed | 9 % | 7 % | 9 % | 6 % | 5 % | 5 % | 2 % |
Not in the labour force | 25 % | 21 % | 28 % | 19 % | 18 % | 21 % | 14 % |
Mean real income | $25,228 | $28,920 | $24,094 | $30,184 | $34,357 | $31,096 | $38,615 |
Income missing | 8 % | 7 % | 16 % | 4 % | 4 % | 8 % | 4 % |
Non-family member | 23 % | 26 % | 30 % | 18 % | 19 % | 22 % | 19 % |
Couple, no children | 14 % | 17 % | 15 % | 16 % | 17 % | 17 % | 26 % |
Couple, children | 42 % | 40 % | 36 % | 49 % | 48 % | 46 % | 47 % |
Single parent | 21 % | 17 % | 19 % | 18 % | 16 % | 16 % | 8 % |
Year = 2001 | 48 % | 47 % | 55 % | 43 % | 41 % | 50 % | 49 % |
Year = 2006 | 52 % | 53 % | 45 % | 57 % | 59 % | 50 % | 51 % |
Percent of overall population | 5 % | 3 % | 2 % | 2 % | 2 % | 1 % | 85 % |
Percent of Māori population | 32 % | 19 % | 12 % | 13 % | 14 % | 9 % | |
Population | 101,595 | 61,551 | 38,214 | 40,095 | 45,597 | 29,376 | 1,790,388 |